---
title: 1 Samuel 27:9 (JPS 1917) — And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel. Who acts: David. 1 Samuel 27:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 27:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel.

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** smite, leave, take away · **To what, where:** land, man, sheep

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 27:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:804
# text = And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc:preconj	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
12	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	away	away	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	apparel	apparel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | past | David | the land |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus land=Experiencer |
| 2 | **leave** | past | David *not said here* | man nor woman |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 3 | **take away** | past | David *not said here* | the sheep and the oxen and the asses and the camels and the apparel |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהִכָּ֤ה דָוִד֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יְחַיֶּ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלָקַח֩ צֹ֨אן וּבָקָ֜ר וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים וּגְמַלִּים֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָכִֽישׁ׃

[1 Samuel 27:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.9/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel.**
2. [And he returned, and came to Achish.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.805/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:804` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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