--- title: 1 Samuel 27:10 (JPS 1917) — And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David sai… · tree and pragmatics description: And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David said: 'Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.' Who acts: Achish, ye, David. 1 Samuel 27:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.806/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/) / [27:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.10/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 27:10 · JPS 1917 And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David said: 'Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.' **Who acts:** Achish, ye, David · **What happens:** say, make · **To what, where:** raid · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 27:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achish, ye, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:806 # text = And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David said: 'Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Achish Achish PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 6 Whither whither ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 7 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 9 nsubj _ _ 9 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 raid raid NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 to to ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 14 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ 16 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 17 And and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 21 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 22 Against against ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 against against ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 Jerahmeelites jerahmeelite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 37 against against ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 Kenites kenite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 39 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 44 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Achish | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **make** | present · perfect | ye | a raid | | | day | whither *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset raid=Product | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David | | | | | against the South of Judah and the South of the Jerahmeelites and the South of the Kenites | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָכִ֔ישׁ אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד עַל־נֶ֤גֶב יְהוּדָה֙ וְעַל־נֶ֣גֶב הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְאֶל־נֶ֖גֶב הַקֵּינִֽי׃ [1 Samuel 27:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:806` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 27:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.805/) - next →: [1 Samuel 27:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.807/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 27:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.10/)