---
title: 1 Samuel 27:12 (JPS 1917) — And Achish believed David, saying: 'He hath made his people Israel u… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Achish believed David, saying: 'He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.' Who acts: Achish, David, people. 1 Samuel 27:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 27:12 · JPS 1917

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And Achish believed David, saying: 'He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.'

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**Who acts:** Achish, David, people · **What happens:** believe, say, make, abhor, be · **To what, where:** David, people, servant · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 27:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achish, David, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:808
# text = And Achish believed David, saying: 'He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Achish	Achish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
9	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
15	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	abhor	abhor	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
20	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	cop	_	_
24	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	25	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | Achish | David |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer david=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Achish *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect | David | David's people |  |  |  | utterly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **abhor** | to-infinitive | David's people *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is a** | shall | David | my servant |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּאֲמֵ֥ן אָכִ֖ישׁ בְּדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַבְאֵ֤שׁ הִבְאִישׁ֙ בְּעַמּ֣וֹ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהָ֥יָה לִ֖י לְעֶ֥בֶד עוֹלָֽם׃פ

[1 Samuel 27:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:808` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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