---
title: 1 Samuel 28:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel. Who acts: it, Philistines. 1 Samuel 28:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 28:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel.

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**Who acts:** it, Philistines · **What happens:** come, pass, gather, fight · **To what, where:** hosts

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This is 1 Samuel 28:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Philistines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:809
# text = And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	warfare	warfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **gather** | past | the Philistines | Philistines's hosts |  |  |  | for warfare; together *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent host=Theme for warfare=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the Philistines *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Israel | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with israel=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃

[1 Samuel 28:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.1/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel.**
2. [And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.810/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:809` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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