---
title: 1 Samuel 28:1 (JPS 1917) — And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.' Who acts: Achish, thou. 1 Samuel 28:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 28:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'

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**Who acts:** Achish, thou · **What happens:** say, know, go out · **To what, where:** host · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 28:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achish, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:810
# text = And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Achish	Achish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nsubj	_	_
10	assuredly	assuredly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
16	out	out	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Achish |  |  |  |  | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  |  | assuredly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **go out** | shall | thou |  |  | the host |  | with me; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with i=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃

[1 Samuel 28:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.1/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.809/)
2. **And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:810` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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