---
title: 1 Samuel 28:2 (JPS 1917) — And David said to Achish: 'Therefore thou shalt know what thy servan… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said to Achish: 'Therefore thou shalt know what thy servant will do.' And Achish said to David: 'Therefore will I make thee keeper of my head for ever.' Who acts: David, thou, servant, Achish. 1 Samuel 28:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 28:2 · JPS 1917

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And David said to Achish: 'Therefore thou shalt know what thy servant will do.' And Achish said to David: 'Therefore will I make thee keeper of my head for ever.'

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**Who acts:** David, thou, servant, Achish, I · **What happens:** say, know, do, make · **To what, where:** Achish, David, keeper, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 28:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, thou, servant, Achish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:811
# text = And David said to Achish: 'Therefore thou shalt know what thy servant will do.' And Achish said to David: 'Therefore will I make thee keeper of my head for ever.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Achish	Achish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
10	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	obj	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
19	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	Achish	Achish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	_
26	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	ccomp	_	_
30	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	iobj	_	_
31	keeper	keeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	29	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  | Achish |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to achish=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | future | thy servant |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Achish |  | David |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to david=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 5 | **make** | future | I | keeper of my head | thee |  |  | therefore *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent thou=Beneficiary keeper=Product for ever=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־אָכִ֔ישׁ לָכֵן֙ אַתָּ֣ה תֵדַ֔ע אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד לָכֵ֗ן שֹׁמֵ֧ר לְרֹאשִׁ֛י אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃פ

[1 Samuel 28:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:811` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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