---
title: 1 Samuel 28:3 (JPS 1917) — Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. Who acts: Samuel, Israel. 1 Samuel 28:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 28:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city.

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**Who acts:** Samuel, Israel · **What happens:** be, lament, bury · **To what, where:** Samuel, Ramah

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This is 1 Samuel 28:3 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Samuel, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:812
# text = Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	lamented	lament	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	buried	bury	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Ramah	Ramah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Samuel |  |  |  | now | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lament** | past · perfect | all Israel | Samuel |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **bury** | past | all Israel *not said here* | Samuel |  | Ramah in Samuel's own city |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in ramah=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־לוֹ֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בָרָמָ֖ה וּבְעִיר֑וֹ וְשָׁא֗וּל הֵסִ֛יר הָאֹב֥וֹת וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃

[1 Samuel 28:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.3/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city.**
2. [And Saul had put away those that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit out of the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.813/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:812` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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