---
title: 1 Samuel 28:4 (JPS 1917) — And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitch… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa. Who acts: Philistines, Saul. 1 Samuel 28:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.814/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / [28:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.4/) / JPS 1

# 1 Samuel 28:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Philistines, Saul · **What happens:** gather, come, pitch · **To what, where:** Philistines, Shunem, Israel, Gilboa

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 28:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Philistines, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:814
# text = And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Philistines	Philistines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Shunem	Shunem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	together	together	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Gilboa	Gilboa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | the Philistines | Philistines |  |  |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | the Philistines *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pitch** | past | the Philistines *not said here* |  |  | Shunem |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in shunem=Destination |
| 4 | **gather** | past | Saul | all Israel |  |  |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent israel=Theme |
| 5 | **pitch** | past | Philistines |  |  | Gilboa |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in gilboa=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְשׁוּנֵ֑ם וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃

[1 Samuel 28:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.4/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:814` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.813/)
- next →: [1 Samuel 28:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.815/)
- ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.4/)