---
title: 1 Samuel 28:5 (JPS 1917) — And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly. Who acts: Saul, heart. 1 Samuel 28:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 28:5 · JPS 1917

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And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.

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**Who acts:** Saul, heart · **What happens:** see, be, tremble · **To what, where:** host

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This is 1 Samuel 28:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:815
# text = And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
19	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Saul | the host of the Philistines |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer host=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tremble** | past | Saul's heart |  |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּ֥רְא שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּרָ֕א וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד לִבּ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃

[1 Samuel 28:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:815` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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