---
title: 1 Samuel 28:7 (JPS 1917) — Then said Saul unto his servants: 'Seek me a woman that divineth by… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Saul unto his servants: 'Seek me a woman that divineth by a ghost, that I may go to her, and inquire of her.' And his servants said to him: 'Behold, there is a woman that divineth by a ghost at En-dor.' Who acts: Saul, woman, I, servants. 1 Samuel 28:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree 
---

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# 1 Samuel 28:7 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said Saul unto his servants: 'Seek me a woman that divineth by a ghost, that I may go to her, and inquire of her.' And his servants said to him: 'Behold, there is a woman that divineth by a ghost at En-dor.'

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**Who acts:** Saul, woman, I, servants · **What happens:** say, seek, divine, go, inquire, be · **To what, where:** woman, me, Saul, En dor · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 28:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, woman, I, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:817
# text = Then said Saul unto his servants: 'Seek me a woman that divineth by a ghost, that I may go to her, and inquire of her.' And his servants said to him: 'Behold, there is a woman that divineth by a ghost at En-dor.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Seek	seek	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	divineth	divine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	inquire	inquire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
32	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
38	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
39	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	_
40	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	43	discourse	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
42	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	43	expl	_	_
43	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	ccomp	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
46	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
47	divineth	divine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	acl:relcl	_	_
48	by	by	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
51	at	at	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	En	En	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	compound	_	_
53	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	54	punct	_	_
54	dor	dor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
56	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  | then | unto Saul's servants | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **seek** | infinitive |  | a woman | me |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **divine** | present | a woman |  |  |  |  | by a ghost | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | may | I |  | woman |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to she=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **inquire** *speech: other* | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of woman | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent of she=Recipient |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul's servants |  | Saul |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to he=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 7 | **be** | present | a woman |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **divine** | present | a woman |  |  | En dor |  | by a ghost | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל לַעֲבָדָ֗יו בַּקְּשׁוּ־לִי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־א֔וֹב וְאֵלְכָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶדְרְשָׁה־בָּ֑הּ וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ עֲבָדָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֛ה אֵ֥שֶׁת בַּֽעֲלַת־א֖וֹב בְּעֵ֥ינ דּֽוֹר עֵ֥ינ דּֽוֹר׃

[1 Samuel 28:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:817` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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