--- title: 1 Samuel 28:14 (JPS 1917) — And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old ma… · tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.' And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself. Who acts: king, woman, old man, Saul. 1 Samuel 28:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.824/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / [28:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.14/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 28:14 · JPS 1917 And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.' And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself. **Who acts:** king, woman, old man, Saul, robe · **What happens:** say, be, come up, cover, perceive, bow · **To what, where:** king, Samuel, Saul · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 28:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, woman, old man, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:824 # text = And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.' And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 8 What what DET WDT PronType=Int 9 det _ _ 9 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 13 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ 14 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 15 And and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 19 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 20 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 cometh come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 24 up up ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux:pass _ _ 29 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 conj _ _ 30 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 robe robe NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 23 punct _ _ 34 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 35 And and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 38 that that SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 39 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 40 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 41 Samuel Samuel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 ccomp _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 bowed bow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 conj _ _ 46 with with ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 49 to to ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 54 prostrated prostrate VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 conj _ _ 55 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 54 obj _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | king | | | | | unto woman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | king | | | | | of what form | tree rules | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | woman | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **come up** | present | a old man | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **cover** | present · passive | | king | | | | with a robe | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with robe=Theme | | 6 | **perceive** | past | Saul | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **is a** | past | robe | Samuel | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **bow** | past | Saul | | | | | with Saul's face; to the ground | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme | | 9 | **prostrate** | past | Saul *not said here* | Saul | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַֽה־תָּאֳר֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה וְה֥וּא עֹטֶ֖ה מְעִ֑יל וַיֵּ֤דַע שָׁאוּל֙ כִּֽי־שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיִּקֹּ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס [1 Samuel 28:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:824` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.823/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.825/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.14/)