--- title: 1 Samuel 28:15 (JPS 1917) — And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me u… · tree and pragmatics description: And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make kn --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.825/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / [28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.15/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 28:15 · JPS 1917 And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.' **Who acts:** Samuel, thou, Saul, I, Philistines · **What happens:** say, disquiet, bring up, answer, be, make · **To what, where:** Saul, me, war, God, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 28:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Samuel, thou, Saul, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:825 # text = And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Samuel Samuel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 8 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 9 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 11 nsubj _ _ 11 disquieted disquiet VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 12 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 16 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ _ 17 up up ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ _ 18 ? ? PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ 19 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 20 And and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 24 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 26 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 27 sore sore ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 distressed distress ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 ccomp _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 30 for for SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 Philistines Philistines PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 advcl _ _ 34 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 35 against against ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj:pass _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux:pass _ _ 41 departed depart VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 conj _ _ 42 from from ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 obl _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 46 answereth answer VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 conj _ _ 47 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 obj _ _ 48 no no ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 49 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 46 advmod _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 51 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 53 cc:preconj _ _ 52 by by ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 prophets prophet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obl _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 55 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 57 cc _ _ 56 by by ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 dreams dream NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 conj _ _ 58 ; ; PUNCT : _ 62 punct _ _ 59 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 60 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 62 nsubj _ _ 61 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 62 aux _ _ 62 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 28 parataxis _ _ 63 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 62 obj _ _ 64 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 65 that that SCONJ IN _ 68 mark _ _ 66 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 68 nsubj _ _ 67 mayest may AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 68 aux _ _ 68 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 62 advcl _ _ 69 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 68 xcomp _ _ 70 unto unto ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 71 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 69 obl _ _ 72 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 75 obj _ _ 73 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 75 nsubj _ _ 74 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 75 aux _ _ 75 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 69 ccomp _ _ 76 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 77 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: express - voice: character - polarity: neg - indirect: yes - teacher: changed act=express | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Samuel | | Saul | | | | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient whether/if S»: agent=Pivot to saul=Experiencer clause=Topic | | 2 | **disquiet** | present · perfect | thou | me | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer | | 3 | **bring up** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | me | | | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient | | 4 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Saul | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | present | I | | | | | distress, sore *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **make** | present | the Philistines | war | | | | against me | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Product | | 7 | **depart** | present · passive | | God | | | | from me | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial\_Location | | 8 | **answer** *speech: assert* | present | | | me | | | by prophets nor dreams | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent i=Eventuality | | 9 | **call** | present · perfect | I | thee | | | | therefore *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient | | 10 | **make** | may | thou | | | | | | tree rules | | 11 | **know** | participle | thou *not said here* | | | | | unto me | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 12 | **do** | shall | I | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לָ֥מָּה הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי לְהַעֲל֣וֹת אֹתִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁ֠אוּל צַר־לִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים ׀ נִלְחָמִ֣ים בִּ֗י וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים סָ֤ר מֵֽעָלַי֙ וְלֹֽא־עָנָ֣נִי ע֗וֹד גַּ֤ם בְּיַֽד־הַנְּבִיאִם֙ גַּם־בַּ֣חֲלֹמ֔וֹת וָאֶקְרָאֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ לְהוֹדִיעֵ֖נִי מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ס [1 Samuel 28:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.15/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:825` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.824/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.826/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.15/)