---
title: 1 Samuel 28:18 (JPS 1917) — Because thou didst not hearken to the voice of the LORD, and didst n… · tree and pragmatics
description: Because thou didst not hearken to the voice of the LORD, and didst not execute His fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day. Who acts: thou, LORD. 1 Samuel 28:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.828/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / [28:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.18/) / JPS 1

# 1 Samuel 28:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because thou didst not hearken to the voice of the LORD, and didst not execute His fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, LORD · **What happens:** not hearken, not execute, do · **To what, where:** fierce wrath, thing

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 28:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:828
# text = Because thou didst not hearken to the voice of the LORD, and didst not execute His fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day.
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
3	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	execute	execute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
17	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Amalek	Amalek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
23	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
28	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	obl	_	_
32	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	33	det	_	_
33	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl:unmarked	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hearken** | past · do-support | thou |  |  |  |  | to the voice of the LORD | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **execute** | past · do-support | thou *not said here* | LORD's fierce wrath |  |  |  | upon Amalek | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrath=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | present · perfect | the LORD | this thing |  |  | day | unto thee; therefore *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֙עְתָּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־עָשִׂ֥יתָ חֲרוֹן־אַפּ֖וֹ בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק עַל־כֵּן֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה עָשָֽׂה־לְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

[1 Samuel 28:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.18/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:828` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.827/)
- next →: [1 Samuel 28:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.829/)
- ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.18/)