--- title: 1 Samuel 28:21 (JPS 1917) — And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, a… · tree and pragmatics description: And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, and said unto him: 'Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest unto me. Who acts: woman, handmaid, I, thou. 1 Samuel 28:21 in JPS 1917 w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.831/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / [28:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.21/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 28:21 · JPS 1917 And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, and said unto him: 'Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest unto me. **Who acts:** woman, handmaid, I, thou, thy · **What happens:** come, see, affright, say, hearken, put · **To what, where:** Saul, life, hand, words · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 28:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, handmaid, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:831 # text = And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, and said unto him: 'Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest unto me. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 woman woman NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 10 that that SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 13 sore sore ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 affrighted affright VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 ccomp _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 18 unto unto ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 21 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 22 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 27 discourse _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 24 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 handmaid handmaid NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 26 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 hearkened hearken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 ccomp _ _ 28 unto unto ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 put put VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 conj _ _ 36 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 43 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 hearkened hearken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 conj _ _ 45 unto unto ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obl _ _ 48 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 50 obj _ _ 49 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 50 nsubj _ _ 50 spokest speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 acl:relcl _ _ 51 unto unto ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 50 obl _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | the woman | | | | | unto Saul | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **see** | past | the woman *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **affright** | past · passive | | Saul | | | | sore *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the woman *not said here* | | | | | unto Saul | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **hearken** | present · perfect | thy handmaid | | | | | unto thy voice | tree rules | | 6 | **put** | present · perfect | I | my life | | my hand | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent life=Theme in hand=Destination | | 7 | **hearken** | present · perfect | thy handmaid *not said here* | | | | | unto thy words | tree rules | | 8 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | thou | thy words | | | | unto me | tree rules | | 9 | **word** | | thy | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַתָּב֤וֹא הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַתֵּ֖רֶא כִּי־נִבְהַ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה שָׁמְעָ֤ה שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ בְּקוֹלֶ֔ךָ וָאָשִׂ֤ים נַפְשִׁי֙ בְּכַפִּ֔י וָֽאֶשְׁמַע֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָֽי׃ [1 Samuel 28:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.21/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:831` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.830/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.832/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.21/)