--- title: 1 Samuel 28:23 (JPS 1917) — But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, togeth… · tree and pragmatics description: But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice. Who acts: strength, I, servants. 1 Samuel 28:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.833/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / [28:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.23/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 28:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice. **Who acts:** strength, I, servants · **What happens:** refuse, say, not eat, urge, hearken · **To what, where:** strength · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 28:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strength, I, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:833 # text = But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 refused refuse VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 9 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 10 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 ccomp _ _ 13 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ 14 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 15 But but CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 16 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 together together ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 woman woman NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 urged urge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 25 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 hearkened hearken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 30 unto unto ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **refuse** | past | strength | | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | strength *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **not** **eat** | future | I | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **urge** | past | strength's servants with the woman | | strength | | | | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | | 5 | **hearken** | past | strength | | | | | unto words's voice | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְמָאֵ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֹכַ֔ל וַיִּפְרְצוּ־ב֤וֹ עֲבָדָיו֙ וְגַם־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע לְקֹלָ֑ם וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מֵֽהָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶל־הַמִּטָּֽה׃ [1 Samuel 28:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.23/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. **But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice.** 2. [So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.834/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:833` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.832/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.834/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.23/)