---
title: 1 Samuel 30:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had made a raid upon the South, and upon Ziklag, and had smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire; Who acts: it, Amalekites. 1 Samuel 30:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had made a raid upon the South, and upon Ziklag, and had smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;

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**Who acts:** it, Amalekites · **What happens:** come, pass, make, smite, burn · **To what, where:** David, Ziklag, raid

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 30:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Amalekites), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:850
# text = And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had made a raid upon the South, and upon Ziklag, and had smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
8	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Ziklag	Ziklag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	19	amod	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Amalekites	amalekite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	raid	raid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Ziklag	Ziklag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
39	Ziklag	Ziklag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	conj	_	_
43	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
46	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past · passive |  | David and his men | Ziklag |  | day |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past · perfect | the Amalekites | a raid |  |  |  | upon the South; upon Ziklag | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raid=Product |
| 5 | **smite** | past · perfect | the Amalekites *not said here* | Ziklag |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ziklag=Experiencer |
| 6 | **burn** | past | the Amalekites *not said here* | raid |  |  |  | with fire | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with fire=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֞י בְּבֹ֨א דָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו צִֽקְלַ֖ג בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַעֲמָלֵקִ֣י פָֽשְׁט֗וּ אֶל־נֶ֙גֶב֙ וְאֶל־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃

[1 Samuel 30:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:850` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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