---
title: 1 Samuel 30:6 (JPS 1917) — And David was greatly distressed; for the people spoke of stoning hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David was greatly distressed; for the people spoke of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters; but David strengthened himself in the LORD his God. Who acts: people, David. 1 Samuel 30:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:6 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David was greatly distressed; for the people spoke of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters; but David strengthened himself in the LORD his God.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, David · **What happens:** distress, speak, stone, grieve, strengthen · **To what, where:** David, Nabal, soul · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 30:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:855
# text = And David was greatly distressed; for the people spoke of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters; but David strengthened himself in the LORD his God.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	distressed	distress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	stoning	stone	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	grieved	grieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	parataxis	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
35	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
37	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
38	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	37	obj	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
42	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **distress** | past · passive |  | David |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stone** | gerund | the people *not said here* |  | Nabal |  |  |  | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination |
| 4 | **grieve** | past · passive |  | the soul of all people |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 5 | **strengthen** | past | David | Nabal |  |  |  | in the LORD | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתֵּ֨צֶר לְדָוִ֜ד מְאֹ֗ד כִּֽי־אָמְר֤וּ הָעָם֙ לְסָקְל֔וֹ כִּֽי־מָ֙רָה֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ עַל־בָּנָ֣יו וְעַל־בְּנֹתָ֑יו וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֣ק דָּוִ֔ד בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ס

[1 Samuel 30:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.6/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:855` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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