---
title: 1 Samuel 30:8 (JPS 1917) — And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them?' And He answered him: 'Pursue; for thou shalt surely overtake them, and shalt without fail recover all.' Who acts: David, I, Abiathar, thou. 1 Samuel 30:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them?' And He answered him: 'Pursue; for thou shalt surely overtake them, and shalt without fail recover all.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, I, Abiathar, thou · **What happens:** inquire, say, pursue, overtake, answer, recover · **To what, where:** David, Ahimelech, all · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 30:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I, Abiathar, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:857
# text = And David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them?' And He answered him: 'Pursue; for thou shalt surely overtake them, and shalt without fail recover all.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	inquired	inquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
11	Shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	pursue	pursue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
14	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	troop	troop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	overtake	overtake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	parataxis	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
24	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	iobj	_	_
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Pursue	pursue	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	26	ccomp	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
32	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
33	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nsubj	_	_
34	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	overtake	overtake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	advcl	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
40	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
41	without	without	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	fail	fail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
43	recover	recover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	conj	_	_
44	all	all	PRON	NN	PronType=Tot	43	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
46	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, indirect=0, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inquire** *speech: other* | past | David |  |  |  |  | of the LORD | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent of lord=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **pursue** | shall | I |  |  |  | after this troop |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after troop=Theme |
| 4 | **overtake** | shall | I | David |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Abiathar |  | Ahimelech |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **pursue** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **overtake** | shall | thou | David |  |  |  | surely *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **recover** | shall | thou *not said here* | all |  |  |  | without fail | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶרְדֹּ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֥י הַגְּדוּד־הַזֶּ֖ה הַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ רְדֹ֔ף כִּֽי־הַשֵּׂ֥ג תַּשִּׂ֖יג וְהַצֵּ֥ל תַּצִּֽיל׃

[1 Samuel 30:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:857` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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