---
title: 1 Samuel 30:10 (JPS 1917) — But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed b… · tree and pragmatics
description: But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed behind, who were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor. Who acts: David, two hundred. 1 Samuel 30:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:10 · JPS 1917

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But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed behind, who were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor.

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**Who acts:** David, two hundred · **What happens:** pursue, stay, be, not go · **To what, where:** brook

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This is 1 Samuel 30:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, two hundred), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:859
# text = But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed behind, who were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pursued	pursue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nsubj	_	_
14	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
15	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	acl:relcl	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
26	over	over	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	brook	brook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	Besor	Besor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	flat	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stay** | past | two hundred |  |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | faint *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **go** | could | David |  |  | the brook |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over brook=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּרְדֹּ֣ף דָּוִ֔ד ה֖וּא וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ מָאתַ֣יִם אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּגְּר֔וּ מֵעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַבְּשֽׂוֹר׃

[1 Samuel 30:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:859` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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