--- title: 1 Samuel 30:12 (JPS 1917) — and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of rai… · tree and pragmatics description: and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins; and when he had eaten, his spirit came back to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. Who acts: David, Abiathar, spirit. 1 Samuel 30:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.861/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / [30:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.12/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 30:12 · JPS 1917 and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins; and when he had eaten, his spirit came back to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. **Who acts:** David, Abiathar, spirit · **What happens:** give, eat, come back, drink · **To what, where:** piece, Abiathar, bread, water This is 1 Samuel 30:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Abiathar, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:861 # text = and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins; and when he had eaten, his spirit came back to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. 1 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 iobj _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 figs fig NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 clusters cluster NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 raisins raisin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 20 when when SCONJ WRB _ 23 mark _ _ 21 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 25 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 spirit spirit NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 28 back back ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 32 for for SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 36 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 37 det _ _ 37 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 40 cc _ _ 40 drunk drink VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 conj _ _ 41 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 42 det _ _ 42 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 45 nummod _ _ 45 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl:unmarked _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 48 nummod _ _ 48 nights night NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 conj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | past | David | a piece of a cake of figs and two clusters of raisins | Abiathar | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient piece=Theme | | 2 | **eat** | past · perfect | Abiathar | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **come back** | past | Abiathar's spirit | | Abiathar | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **eat** | past · perfect | Abiathar | no bread | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient | | 5 | **drink** | participle | Abiathar *not said here* | any water | | | day | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּח֖וֹ אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת׃ס [1 Samuel 30:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:861` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.860/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.862/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.12/)