---
title: 1 Samuel 30:13 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto him: 'To whom belongest thou? and whence art tho… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said unto him: 'To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou?' And he said: 'I am a young Egyptian, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days ago I fell sick. Who acts: David, thou, Abiathar, I. 1 Samuel 30:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:13 · JPS 1917

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And David said unto him: 'To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou?' And he said: 'I am a young Egyptian, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days ago I fell sick.

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**Who acts:** David, thou, Abiathar, I, master · **What happens:** say, belong, be, leave, fall · **To what, where:** young Egyptian, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 30:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, thou, Abiathar, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:862
# text = And David said unto him: 'To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou?' And he said: 'I am a young Egyptian, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days ago I fell sick.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
8	To	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obl	_	_
10	belongest	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
15	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nsubj	_	_
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
19	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
25	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	Egyptian	Egyptian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	ccomp	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Amalekite	Amalekite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
39	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	38	obj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
42	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod:unmarked	_	_
44	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
45	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
47	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	xcomp	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto Abiathar | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **belong** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abiathar |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | I | a young Egyptian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **leave** | past | my master | me |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 6 | **fall** | past | I |  |  |  |  | ago, sick *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֤וֹ דָוִד֙ לְֽמִי־אַ֔תָּה וְאֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וַיֹּ֜אמֶר נַ֧עַר מִצְרִ֣י אָנֹ֗כִי עֶ֚בֶד לְאִ֣ישׁ עֲמָֽלֵקִ֔י וַיַּעַזְבֵ֧נִי אֲדֹנִ֛י כִּ֥י חָלִ֖יתִי הַיּ֥וֹם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃

[1 Samuel 30:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:862` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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