---
title: 1 Samuel 30:18 (JPS 1917) — And David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken; and David res… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken; and David rescued his two wives. Who acts: David, Amalekites. 1 Samuel 30:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:18 · JPS 1917

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And David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken; and David rescued his two wives.

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**Who acts:** David, Amalekites · **What happens:** recover, take, rescue · **To what, where:** all, two wives

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This is 1 Samuel 30:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Amalekites), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:867
# text = And David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken; and David rescued his two wives.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	recovered	recover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Amalekites	amalekite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	rescued	rescue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	wives	wife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recover** | past | David | all |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past · perfect | the Amalekites |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 3 | **rescue** | past | David | Abiathar's two wives |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּצֵּ֣ל דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ עֲמָלֵ֑ק וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י נָשָׁ֖יו הִצִּ֥יל דָּוִֽד׃

[1 Samuel 30:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:867` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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