---
title: 1 Samuel 30:20 (JPS 1917) — And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before those other cattle, and said: 'This is David's spoil.' Who acts: David, This. 1 Samuel 30:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:20 · JPS 1917

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And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before those other cattle, and said: 'This is David's spoil.'

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**Who acts:** David, This · **What happens:** take, drive, say, be · **To what, where:** flocks, spoil · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 30:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:869
# text = And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before those other cattle, and said: 'This is David's spoil.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	_
23	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	's	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	spoil	spoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	ccomp	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | David | all flocks and the herds |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 2 | **drive** | past | David | all flocks and the herds |  |  | before that other cattle |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme before cattle=Destination |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | This | David's spoil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־הַצֹּ֖אן וְהַבָּקָ֑ר נָהֲג֗וּ לִפְנֵי֙ הַמִּקְנֶ֣ה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ זֶ֖ה שְׁלַ֥ל דָּוִֽד׃

[1 Samuel 30:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:869` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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