---
title: 1 Samuel 30:21 (JPS 1917) — And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they c… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them. Who acts: David, hund
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:21 · JPS 1917

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And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.

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**Who acts:** David, hundred men, people, Besor · **What happens:** come, be, not follow, make, abide, go · **To what, where:** David, brook, people

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This is 1 Samuel 30:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, hundred men, people, Besor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:870
# text = And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
19	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	obj	_	_
22	also	also	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	brook	brook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	Besor	Besor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
36	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	advcl	_	_
39	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	conj	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	_
46	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	49	nsubj	_	_
47	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
48	with	with	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	acl:relcl	_	_
50	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	61	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
52	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	54	mark	_	_
53	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nsubj	_	_
54	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	61	advcl	_	_
55	near	near	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
56	to	to	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	_
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
60	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	61	nsubj	_	_
61	saluted	salute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
62	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	61	obj	_	_
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | David |  |  |  |  | to the hundred men | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to man=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | the hundred men |  |  |  |  | faint *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **follow** | could | David | David |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent david=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past · perfect | David | David |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **abide** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* |  |  | the brook |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go** | past | David |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **meet** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent david=Co-Agent |
| 8 | **meet** | to-infinitive | David *not said here* | the people |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Co-Agent |
| 9 | **is** | past | the people |  |  |  |  | with Besor | tree rules |
| 10 | **come** | past | David |  |  |  |  | to the people; near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to people=Initial\_Location |
| 11 | **salute** | past | Besor | David |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹ֣א דָוִ֗ד אֶל־מָאתַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּר֣וּ ׀ מִלֶּ֣כֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ בְּנַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וְלִקְרַ֖את הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ דָּוִד֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ס

[1 Samuel 30:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:870` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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