---
title: 1 Samuel 30:22 (JPS 1917) — Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that wen… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that went with David, and said: 'Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.' Who acts: wicked men, D
---

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# 1 Samuel 30:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that went with David, and said: 'Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wicked men, David, we · **What happens:** answer, go, say, not go, not give, recover · **To what, where:** aught, David, spoil, wife, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 30:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wicked men, David, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:871
# text = Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that went with David, and said: 'Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	_
22	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
30	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
32	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	ccomp	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	iobj	_	_
34	aught	aught	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	spoil	spoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	obj	_	_
39	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	recovered	recover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	acl:relcl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
43	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
44	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	46	det	_	_
46	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
47	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl:unmarked	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	51	nmod:poss	_	_
51	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	conj	_	_
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
53	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	56	mark	_	_
54	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
55	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	56	aux	_	_
56	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
57	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	obj	_	_
58	away	away	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
60	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
61	depart	depart	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	56	conj	_	_
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
63	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | all wicked men of those and base fellows |  |  |  | then |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | past |  |  |  |  |  | with David | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with david=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | all wicked men of those and base fellows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **go** | past | David |  |  |  |  | with us | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with we=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **not** **give** | future | we | aught of the spoil | David |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient aught=Theme |
| 6 | **recover** | present · perfect | we | the spoil |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 7 | **save** | infinitive | we *not said here* | Besor's wife and Besor's children |  |  |  | to every man | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **lead away** | may | David | men *= man* |  |  |  | away *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 9 | **depart** | infinitive | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֜עַן כָּל־אִֽישׁ־רָ֣ע וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל מֵֽהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלְכ֣וּ עִם־דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־הָלְכ֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹֽא־נִתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֵהַשָּׁלָ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִצַּ֑לְנוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ס

[1 Samuel 30:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:871` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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