---
title: 1 Samuel 31:5 (JPS 1917) — And when his armour-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when his armour-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell upon his sword, and died with him. Who acts: armour bearer, Saul. 1 Samuel 31:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 31:5 · JPS 1917

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And when his armour-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell upon his sword, and died with him.

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**Who acts:** armour bearer, Saul · **What happens:** see, be, fall, die · **To what, where:** sword · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 31:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (armour bearer, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:886
# text = And when his armour-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell upon his sword, and died with him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
6	bearer	bearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Saul's armour bearer |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | past | Saul |  |  | Saul's sword |  | likewise *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon sword=Location |
| 4 | **die** | past | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Saul | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּ֥רְא נֹשֵֽׂא־כֵלָ֖יו כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפֹּ֥ל גַּם־ה֛וּא עַל־חַרְבּ֖וֹ וַיָּ֥מָת עִמּֽוֹ׃

[1 Samuel 31:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:886` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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