---
title: 1 Samuel 31:13 (JPS 1917) — And they took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk-tree i… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk-tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. Who acts: Philistines. 1 Samuel 31:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 31:13 · JPS 1917

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And they took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk-tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

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**Who acts:** Philistines · **What happens:** take, bury, fast · **To what, where:** bones, Philistines, tamarisk tree

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This is 1 Samuel 31:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Philistines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:894
# text = And they took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk-tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	buried	bury	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	tamarisk	tamarisk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Jabesh	Jabesh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	fasted	fast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Philistines *= philistine* | Philistines's bones |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
| 2 | **bury** | past | Philistines *= philistine* *not said here* | Philistines *= philistine* |  | the tamarisk tree |  | in Jabesh | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme under tree=Destination |
| 3 | **fast** | past | Philistines *= philistine* *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ תַֽחַת־הָאֶ֖שֶׁל בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃פ

[1 Samuel 31:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:894` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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