---
title: 1 Samuel 4:1 (JPS 1917) — Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched b… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek. Who acts: Israel, Philistines. 1 Samuel 4:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 4:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Israel, Philistines · **What happens:** go out, pitch · **To what, where:** Aphek

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 4:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Israel, Philistines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:96
# text = Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Philistines	Philistines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	Eben	Eben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	_
16	ezer	ezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Philistines	Philistines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Aphek	Aphek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | Israel |  |  |  | now | against the Philistines; to battle | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pitch** | past | Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pitch** | past | the Philistines |  |  | Aphek |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in aphek=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶנ הָעֵ֔זֶר אֶ֣בֶנ הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק׃

[1 Samuel 4:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.1/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [And the word of Samuel came to all Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.95/)
2. **Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer; and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:96` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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