---
title: 1 Samuel 4:2 (JPS 1917) — And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when the battle was spread, Israel was smitten before the Philistines; and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men. Who acts: Philistines. 1 Samuel 4:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# 1 Samuel 4:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when the battle was spread, Israel was smitten before the Philistines; and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Philistines · **What happens:** put, spread, smite, slay · **To what, where:** Philistines, array, battle, Israel, thousand men, field

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 4:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Philistines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:97
# text = And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel; and when the battle was spread, Israel was smitten before the Philistines; and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	array	array	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
21	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
34	about	about	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
35	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	compound	_	_
36	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the Philistines | Philistines *= philistine* |  | array |  | against Israel | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme in array=Destination |
| 2 | **spread** | past · passive |  | the battle |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **smite** | past · passive |  | Israel |  |  | before the Philistines |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 4 | **slay** | past | Philistines *= philistine* | thousand men |  | the field |  | of the army | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֤וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃

[1 Samuel 4:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:97` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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