--- title: 2 Kings 8:12 (JPS 1917) — And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I… · tree and pragmatics description: And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.235/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/8/) / [8:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.12/) / JPS 1 # 2 Kings 8:12 · JPS 1917 And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.' **Who acts:** Hazael, I, thou · **What happens:** say, weep, answer, know, do, set · **To what, where:** lord, evil, strongholds, fire, young men, little ones · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Kings 8:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hazael, I, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2KI:235 # text = And Hazael said: 'Why weepeth my lord?' And he answered: 'Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strongholds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash in pieces their little ones, and rip up their women with child.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Hazael Hazael PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 6 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 7 weepeth weep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 8 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 ? ? PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ 11 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 12 And and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 17 Because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 evil evil NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 obj _ _ 23 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 25 nsubj _ _ 24 wilt will AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 acl:relcl _ _ 26 unto unto ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 : : PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 32 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 strongholds stronghold NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 34 wilt will AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 36 nsubj _ _ 36 set set VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 37 on on ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 41 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 42 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obj _ _ 44 wilt will AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 45 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 46 nsubj _ _ 46 slay slay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 conj _ _ 47 with with ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 52 wilt will AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 53 dash dash VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 46 conj _ _ 54 in in ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 obl _ _ 56 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 58 nmod:poss _ _ 57 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 58 amod _ _ 58 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 obj _ _ 59 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 61 rip rip VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 53 conj _ _ 62 up up ADP RP _ 61 compound:prt _ _ 63 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 64 nmod:poss _ _ 64 women woman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 obj _ _ 65 with with ADP IN _ 66 case _ _ 66 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obl _ _ 67 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 68 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - indirect: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hazael | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **weep** | present | | my lord | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lord=Theme | | 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Hazael | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **know** | present | I | the evil | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer evil=Stimulus | | 5 | **do** | future | thou | the evil | | | | unto the children of Israel | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 6 | **set** | future | thou | children's strongholds | | fire | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent stronghold=Theme on fire=Destination | | 7 | **slay** | future | thou | strongholds's young men | | | | with the sword | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent man=Patient with sword=Instrument | | 8 | **dash** | future | thou *not said here* | strongholds's little ones | | pieces | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent one=Theme in piece=Trajectory | | 9 | **rip up** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | strongholds's women | | | | with child | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent woman=Patient with child=Instrument | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲזָאֵ֔ל מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֡אמֶר כִּֽי־יָדַ֡עְתִּי אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָעָ֗ה מִבְצְרֵיהֶ֞ם תְּשַׁלַּ֤ח בָּאֵשׁ֙ וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תַּהֲרֹ֔ג וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם תְּרַטֵּ֔שׁ וְהָרֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תְּבַקֵּֽעַ׃ [2 Kings 8:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:235` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Kings 8:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.234/) - next →: [2 Kings 8:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.236/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 8:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.12/)