---
title: 2 Kings 8:16 (JPS 1917) — And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehos… · tree and pragmatics
description: And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehoshaphat being the king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah began to reign. Who acts: Jehoshaphat, Jehoram. 2 Kings 8:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 8:16 · JPS 1917

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And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehoshaphat being the king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah began to reign.

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**Who acts:** Jehoshaphat, Jehoram · **What happens:** be, begin, reign · **To what, where:** king

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 8:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jehoshaphat, Jehoram), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:239
# text = And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehoshaphat being the king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah began to reign.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fifth	fifth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Joram	Joram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
23	Jehoram	Jehoram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund | Jehoshaphat | the king |  |  |  | of Judah | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Jehoram |  |  |  | year |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Jehoram *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת חָמֵ֗שׁ לְיוֹרָ֤ם בֶּן־אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָלַ֛ךְ יְהוֹרָ֥ם בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃

[2 Kings 8:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:239` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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