---
title: 2 Kings 8:21 (JPS 1917) — Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him; and h… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him; and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites that compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents. Who acts: Joram, LORD, Edomites, people. 2 Kings 8:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree an
---

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# 2 Kings 8:21 · JPS 1917

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Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him; and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites that compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents.

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**Who acts:** Joram, LORD, Edomites, people · **What happens:** pass over, rise up, smote, compass, flee · **To what, where:** Zair, Edomites, LORD, tents

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 8:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joram, LORD, Edomites, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:244
# text = Then Joram passed over to Zair, and all his chariots with him; and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites that compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots; and the people fled to their tents.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Joram	Joram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Zair	Zair	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Edomites	Edomite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	compassed	compass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	about	about	ADP	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj	_	_
41	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	tents	tent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass over** | past | Joram |  |  | Zair and Joram's chariots with LORD | then | over *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to zair=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **rise up** | past | LORD |  |  |  | night |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **smote** | past | LORD *not said here* | the Edomites and the captains of the chariots |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **compass** | past | the Edomites and the captains of the chariots | LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **flee** | past | the people |  |  | people's tents |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to tent=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר יוֹרָם֙ צָעִ֔ירָה וְכָל־הָרֶ֖כֶב עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְהִי־ה֞וּא קָ֣ם לַ֗יְלָה וַיַּכֶּ֨ה אֶת־אֱד֜וֹם הַסֹּבֵ֤יב אֵלָיו֙ וְאֵת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וַיָּ֥נָס הָעָ֖ם לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃

[2 Kings 8:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.8.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:244` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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