--- title: 2 Kings 9:17 (JPS 1917) — Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the com… · tree and pragmatics description: Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?' Who acts: watchman, I, Joram, horseman. 2 Kings 9:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.274/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/9/) / [9:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.17/) / JPS 1 # 2 Kings 9:17 · JPS 1917 Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?' **Who acts:** watchman, I, Joram, horseman · **What happens:** stand, spy, come, say, see, take · **To what, where:** tower, company, horseman, loins, Joram, peace · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Kings 9:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchman, I, Joram, horseman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2KI:274 # text = Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?' 1 Now now ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 watchman watchman NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 tower tower NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Jezreel Jezreel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 spied spy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 company company NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Jehu Jehu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 as as SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 24 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 25 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 26 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 ccomp _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 company company NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 27 punct _ _ 31 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ _ 32 And and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 Joram Joram PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 35 : : PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 36 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ _ 37 Take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 ccomp _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 horseman horseman NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 send send VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 conj _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 meet meet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 xcomp _ _ 45 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 48 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 conj _ _ 49 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 xcomp _ _ 51 : : PUNCT : _ 54 punct _ _ 52 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 54 cop _ _ 53 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 54 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 ccomp _ _ 55 ? ? PUNCT . _ 54 punct _ _ 56 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 54 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stand** | past | the watchman | | | the tower | now | in Jezreel | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on tower=Location | | 2 | **spy** | past | watchman | the company of Jehu | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer company=Stimulus | | 3 | **come** | past | watchman | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | watchman *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **see** | present | I | a company | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer company=Stimulus | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joram | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **take** | infinitive | | a horseman | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horseman=Theme | | 8 | **send** | infinitive | | | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **meet** | to-infinitive | | loins *= loin* | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | | 10 | **let** | infinitive | | Joram | | | | | tree rules | | 11 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Joram *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 12 | **is a** | present | horseman | peace | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהַצֹּפֶה֩ עֹמֵ֨ד עַֽל־הַמִּגְדָּ֜ל בְּיִזְרְעֶ֗אל וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־שִׁפְעַ֤ת יֵהוּא֙ בְּבֹא֔וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁפְעַ֖ת אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹרָ֗ם קַ֥ח רַכָּ֛ב וּֽשְׁלַ֥ח לִקְרָאתָ֖ם וְיֹאמַ֥ר הֲשָׁלֽוֹם׃ [2 Kings 9:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.17/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:274` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Kings 9:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.273/) - next →: [2 Kings 9:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.275/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 9:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.17/)