--- title: 2 Kings 9:18 (JPS 1917) — So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith th… · tree and pragmatics description: So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.' Who acts: one, king, horseback, Jehu. 2 Kings 9:18 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.275/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/9/) / [9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.18/) / JPS 1 # 2 Kings 9:18 · JPS 1917 So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.' **Who acts:** one, king, horseback, Jehu, thou, watchman · **What happens:** go, meet, say, be, have, do · **To what, where:** Joram, peace, thee, loins · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Kings 9:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, king, horseback, Jehu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2KI:275 # text = So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said: 'Thus saith the king: Is it peace?' And Jehu said: 'What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.' And the watchman told, saying: 'The messenger came to them, but he cometh not back.' 1 So so ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 3 expl _ _ 3 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 3 nsubj _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 horseback horseback NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 meet meet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 9 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 14 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ _ 15 Thus thus ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 ccomp _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 ccomp _ _ 23 ? ? PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ 24 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 25 And and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 Jehu Jehu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 28 : : PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 29 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 30 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 34 obj _ _ 31 hast have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 ccomp _ _ 32 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nsubj _ _ 33 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 34 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 35 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 37 ? ? PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ _ 38 turn turn VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 31 parataxis _ _ 39 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 38 obj _ _ 40 behind behind ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ _ 43 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ _ 44 And and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 watchman watchman NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 47 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 49 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 47 advcl _ _ 50 : : PUNCT : _ 54 punct _ _ 51 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 54 punct _ _ 52 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 messenger messenger NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 nsubj _ _ 54 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 ccomp _ _ 55 to to ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 obl _ _ 57 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 58 but but CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 59 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 60 nsubj _ _ 60 cometh come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 54 conj _ _ 61 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 60 advmod _ _ 62 back back ADV RB _ 60 advmod _ _ 63 . . PUNCT . _ 54 punct _ _ 64 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 54 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: other - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | past | one on horseback | | | there | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **meet** | to-infinitive | one on horseback *not said here* | Joram | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | one on horseback *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the king | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is a** | present | horseback | peace | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jehu | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **have** | present | thou | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **do** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | | | | | with peace | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 9 | **turn** | infinitive | | thee | | | | behind me | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thou=Theme | | 10 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the watchman | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the watchman *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 12 | **come** | past | the messenger | | loins *= loin* | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to they=Initial\_Location | | 13 | **not** **come back** | present | watchman | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ רֹכֵ֨ב הַסּ֜וּס לִקְרָאת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֲשָׁל֔וֹם וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יֵה֛וּא מַה־לְּךָ֥ וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם סֹ֣ב אֶֽל־אַחֲרָ֑י וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ עַד־הֵ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָֽׁב׃ [2 Kings 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:275` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Kings 9:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.274/) - next →: [2 Kings 9:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.276/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.9.18/)