---
title: 2 Kings 10:4 (JPS 1917) — But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings s… · tree and pragmatics
description: But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?' Who acts: sons, two kings, we. 2 Kings 10:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 10:4 · JPS 1917

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But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'

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**Who acts:** sons, two kings, we · **What happens:** be, say, not stand, stand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 10:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, two kings, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:304
# text = But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
11	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
22	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	parataxis	_	_
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | sons *= son* |  |  |  |  | afraid, exceedingly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | sons *= son* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **stand** | past | the two kings |  |  |  | before armour |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before he=Location |
| 4 | **stand** | shall | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ הִנֵּה֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִ֔ים לֹ֥א עָמְד֖וּ לְפָנָ֑יו וְאֵ֖יךְ נַעֲמֹ֥ד אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃

[2 Kings 10:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:304` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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