---
title: 2 Kings 10:8 (JPS 1917) — And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought… · tree and pragmatics
description: And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.' Who acts: messenger, sons, ye. 2 Kings 10:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# 2 Kings 10:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** messenger, sons, ye · **What happens:** come, tell, say, bring, lay · **To what, where:** messenger, heads, sons, two heaps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 10:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, sons, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:308
# text = And there came a messenger, and told him, saying: 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said: 'Lay ye them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until the morning.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
14	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
26	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	_
31	Lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	ccomp	_	_
32	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	_
36	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
43	until	until	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a messenger |  |  | there |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | a messenger *not said here* |  | messenger |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a messenger *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **bring** | present · perfect | sons *= son* | the heads of the king's sons |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | messenger |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **lay** | infinitive | ye | sons *= son* |  | two heaps | morning | at the entrance of the gate | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in heap=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵבִ֖יאוּ רָאשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שִׂ֣ימוּ אֹתָ֞ם שְׁנֵ֧י צִבֻּרִ֛ים פֶּ֥תַח הַשַּׁ֖עַר עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃

[2 Kings 10:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:308` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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