---
title: 2 Kings 2:12 (JPS 1917) — And Elisha saw it, and he cried: 'My father, my father, the chariots… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Elisha saw it, and he cried: 'My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof!' And he saw him no more; and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces. Who acts: Elisha, Elijah. 2 Kings 2:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# 2 Kings 2:12 · JPS 1917

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And Elisha saw it, and he cried: 'My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof!' And he saw him no more; and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces.

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**Who acts:** Elisha, Elijah · **What happens:** see, cry, take, rent, hold · **To what, where:** thing, Elijah, hold, chariot, two pieces, own clothes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 2:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elisha, Elijah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:34
# text = And Elisha saw it, and he cried: 'My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof!' And he saw him no more; and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Elisha	Elisha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
11	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
24	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
27	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	no	no	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	29	advmod	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
37	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
40	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	37	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	rent	rent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
45	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	obj	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	48	nummod	_	_
48	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=narrator, act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Elisha | thing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Elisha |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **see** | past | Elisha | Elijah |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 4 | **take** | past | Elijah | hold of Elijah's own clothes |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme |
| 5 | **rent** | past | Elijah *not said here* | chariot |  | two pieces |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 6 | **hold** |  |  | Elijah's own clothes |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וֶאֱלִישָׁ֣ע רֹאֶ֗ה וְה֤וּא מְצַעֵק֙ אָבִ֣י ׀ אָבִ֗י רֶ֤כֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפָ֣רָשָׁ֔יו וְלֹ֥א רָאָ֖הוּ ע֑וֹד וַֽיַּחֲזֵק֙ בִּבְגָדָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָעֵ֖ם לִשְׁנַ֥יִם קְרָעִֽים׃

[2 Kings 2:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.2.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:34` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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