---
title: 2 Kings 12:18 (JPS 1917) — Then Hazael king of Aram went up, and fought against Gath, and took… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Hazael king of Aram went up, and fought against Gath, and took it; and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem. Who acts: Hazael king, Hazael. 2 Kings 12:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 12:18 · JPS 1917

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Then Hazael king of Aram went up, and fought against Gath, and took it; and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.

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**Who acts:** Hazael king, Hazael · **What happens:** go up, fight, take, set · **To what, where:** house, face, Jerusalem

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This is 2 Kings 12:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hazael king, Hazael), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:381
# text = Then Hazael king of Aram went up, and fought against Gath, and took it; and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	Hazael	Hazael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Gath	Gath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Hazael	Hazael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
25	up	up	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | Hazael king of Aram |  |  |  | then |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **fight** | past | Hazael king of Aram *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against Gath | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | past | Hazael king of Aram *not said here* | house |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **set** | past | Hazael | Hazael's face |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient face=Result |
| 5 | **go up** | to-infinitive | Hazael *not said here* |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אָ֣ז יַעֲלֶ֗ה חֲזָאֵל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם עַל־גַּ֖ת וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֑הּ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם חֲזָאֵל֙ פָּנָ֔יו לַעֲל֖וֹת עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[2 Kings 12:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.12.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:381` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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