---
title: 2 Kings 2:19 (JPS 1917) — And the men of the city said unto Elisha: 'Behold, we pray thee, the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the men of the city said unto Elisha: 'Behold, we pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth; but the water is bad, and the land miscarrieth. Who acts: men, we, situation, lord. 2 Kings 2:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 2:19 · JPS 1917

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And the men of the city said unto Elisha: 'Behold, we pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth; but the water is bad, and the land miscarrieth.

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**Who acts:** men, we, situation, lord, water, land · **What happens:** say, pray, be, see, miscarry · **To what, where:** thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 2:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, we, situation, lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:41
# text = And the men of the city said unto Elisha: 'Behold, we pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth; but the water is bad, and the land miscarrieth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Elisha	Elisha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
12	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
16	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	ccomp	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	seeth	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
35	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
40	miscarrieth	miscarry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the men of the city |  |  |  |  | unto Elisha | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pray** | present | we | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the situation of this city |  |  |  |  | pleasant *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | present | my lord |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | present | the water |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **miscarry** | present | the land |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֔ע הִנֵּה־נָ֞א מוֹשַׁ֤ב הָעִיר֙ ט֔וֹב כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י רֹאֶ֑ה וְהַמַּ֥יִם רָעִ֖ים וְהָאָ֥רֶץ מְשַׁכָּֽלֶת׃

[2 Kings 2:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.2.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:41` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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