---
title: 2 Kings 2:21 (JPS 1917) — And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt there… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or miscarrying.' Who acts: land, LORD, I, more death. 2 Kings 2:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# 2 Kings 2:21 · JPS 1917

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And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or miscarrying.'

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**Who acts:** land, LORD, I, more death · **What happens:** go, cast, say, heal, not be · **To what, where:** salt, waters · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 2:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, LORD, I, more death), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:43
# text = And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or miscarrying.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
21	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	healed	heal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	parataxis	_	_
29	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
32	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	35	expl	_	_
33	shall	shall	AUX	MD	_	35	aux	_	_
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
35	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	parataxis	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	35	obl	_	_
38	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	40	det	_	_
39	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	40	amod	_	_
40	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
41	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	miscarrying	miscarry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=pos

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | land |  |  |  | spring | forth *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cast** | past | land *not said here* | salt |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Product |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **heal** | present · perfect | I | this waters |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 6 | **not** **be** | shall | any more death or miscarrying |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּצֵא֙ אֶל־מוֹצָ֣א הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּשְׁלֶךְ־שָׁ֖ם מֶ֑לַח וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה רִפִּ֙אתִי֙ לַמַּ֣יִם הָאֵ֔לֶּה לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מִשָּׁ֛ם ע֖וֹד מָ֥וֶת וּמְשַׁכָּֽלֶת׃

[2 Kings 2:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.2.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:43` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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