---
title: 2 Kings 15:17 (JPS 1917) — In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahe… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria. Who acts: Menahem. 2 Kings 15:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 15:17 · JPS 1917

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In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria.

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**Who acts:** Menahem · **What happens:** begin, reign · **To what, where:** Israel, Samaria

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This is 2 Kings 15:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menahem), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:464
# text = In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	thirtieth	thirtieth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Azariah	Azariah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	Menahem	Menahem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Gadi	Gadi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
25	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl:unmarked	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Menahem |  |  |  | year | of Azariah king of Judah | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Menahem *not said here* |  |  | Israel |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **reign** | past | Menahem *not said here* |  |  | Samaria | year |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ מְנַחֵ֨ם בֶּן־גָּדִ֧י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃

[2 Kings 15:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.15.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:464` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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