---
title: 2 Kings 3:1 (JPS 1917) — Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria in… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years. Who acts: Jehoram. 2 Kings 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.49/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/3/) / [3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.1/) / JPS 1

# 2 Kings 3:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jehoram · **What happens:** begin, reign · **To what, where:** Israel

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 3:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jehoram), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:49
# text = Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	Jehoram	Jehoram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ahab	Ahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	eighteenth	eighteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Jehoram |  |  |  | now |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Jehoram *not said here* |  |  | Israel | year | in Samaria | tree rules |
| 3 | **reign** | past | Jehoram *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וִיהוֹרָ֣ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֗ב מָלַ֤ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָֽה׃

[2 Kings 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.1/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:49` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Kings 2:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.48/)
- next →: [2 Kings 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.50/)
- ↑ back to [2 Kings 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.1/)