--- title: 2 Kings 17:13 (JPS 1917) — yet the LORD forewarned Israel, and Judah, by the hand of every prop… · tree and pragmatics description: yet the LORD forewarned Israel, and Judah, by the hand of every prophet, and of every seer, saying: 'Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep My commandments and My statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by the hand of My servants the prophets'; Who a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.520/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/17/) / [17:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.17.13/) / JPS 1 # 2 Kings 17:13 · JPS 1917 yet the LORD forewarned Israel, and Judah, by the hand of every prophet, and of every seer, saying: 'Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep My commandments and My statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by the hand of My servants the prophets'; **Who acts:** LORD, I, My · **What happens:** forewarn, say, turn, keep, accord, command · **To what, where:** Israel, ye, evil ways, commandments, law, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Kings 17:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, My), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2KI:520 # text = yet the LORD forewarned Israel, and Judah, by the hand of every prophet, and of every seer, saying: 'Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep My commandments and My statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by the hand of My servants the prophets'; 1 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 forewarned forewarn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 by by ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 15 prophet prophet NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 20 det _ _ 20 seer seer NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 23 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 24 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 ccomp _ _ 26 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 25 obj _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 29 evil evil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 34 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 commandments commandment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 statutes statute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 conj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 according accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 44 case _ _ 41 to to ADP IN _ 40 fixed _ _ 42 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 44 det:predet _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 45 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 47 obj _ _ 46 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 acl:relcl _ _ 48 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 fathers father NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 obj _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 52 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 54 obj _ _ 53 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 54 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 conj _ _ 55 to to ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 54 obl _ _ 57 by by ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 58 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 59 det _ _ 59 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obl _ _ 60 of of ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 62 nmod:poss _ _ 62 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 59 nmod _ _ 63 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 64 prophets prophet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 62 appos _ _ 65 ' 's PART POS _ 64 case _ _ 66 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **forewarn** | past | the LORD | Israel and Judah | | | | by the hand of every prophet and every seer | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the LORD *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **turn** | infinitive | | ye | | your evil ways | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent ye=Theme from way=Trajectory | | 4 | **keep** | infinitive | | My commandments and My statutes | | | | accord all law | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Theme | | 5 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **command** | past | I | all law | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **send** | past | I | | you | | | by the hand of My servants | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme to you=Destination | | 8 | **command** | | My | | | | | | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיָּ֣עַד יְהוָ֡ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה בְּיַד֩ כָּל־נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר שֻׁ֝֠בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעִים֙ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקּוֹתַ֔י כְּכָ֨ל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ [2 Kings 17:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.17.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:520` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Kings 17:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.519/) - next →: [2 Kings 17:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.521/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 17:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.17.13/)