---
title: 2 Kings 18:1 (JPS 1917) — Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign. Who acts: Hezekiah. 2 Kings 18:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.550/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/) / [18:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.1/) / JPS 1

# 2 Kings 18:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hezekiah · **What happens:** come, pass, begin, reign · **To what, where:** it

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 18:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hezekiah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:550
# text = Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	_	3	expl	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Hoshea	Hoshea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
12	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Elah	Elah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	_
15	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
20	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	Ahaz	Ahaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | it |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | year |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **begin** | past | Hezekiah |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Hezekiah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁלֹ֔שׁ לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֛ךְ חִזְקִיָּ֥ה בֶן־אָחָ֖ז מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃

[2 Kings 18:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.1/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:550` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Kings 17:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.549/)
- next →: [2 Kings 18:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.551/)
- ↑ back to [2 Kings 18:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.1/)