---
title: 2 Kings 18:9 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it. Who acts: tower, fourth year, Shalmaneser king. 2 Kings 18:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and t
---

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# 2 Kings 18:9 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.

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**Who acts:** tower, fourth year, Shalmaneser king · **What happens:** come, pass, be, come up, besiege · **To what, where:** seventh year, Samaria, tower

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This is 2 Kings 18:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tower, fourth year, Shalmaneser king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:558
# text = And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	seventh	seventh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl:relcl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	Hoshea	Hoshea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Elah	Elah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	Shalmaneser	Shalmaneser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
34	up	up	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
35	against	against	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	besieged	besiege	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
40	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | tower |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | tower *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the fourth year  king Hezekiah | the seventh year |  |  |  | of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel | tree rules |
| 4 | **come up** | past | Shalmaneser king of Assyria |  |  | Samaria |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against samaria=Location |
| 5 | **besiege** | past | Shalmaneser king of Assyria *not said here* | tower |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיְהִ֞י בַּשָּׁנָ֤ה הָֽרְבִיעִית֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ הִ֚יא הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עָלָ֞ה שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֧סֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֛וּר עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽיהָ׃

[2 Kings 18:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:558` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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