---
title: 2 Kings 18:13 (JPS 1917) — Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them. Who acts: Sennacherib king. 2 Kings 18:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 18:13 · JPS 1917

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Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

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**Who acts:** Sennacherib king · **What happens:** come up, fortify, take · **To what, where:** fortified cities, Philistines

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This is 2 Kings 18:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sennacherib king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:562
# text = Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
10	Sennacherib	Sennacherib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
15	up	up	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | past · do-support | Sennacherib king of Assyria |  |  | all fortified cities of Judah | now; year |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against city=Location |
| 2 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | past | Sennacherib king of Assyria *not said here* | Philistines |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃

[2 Kings 18:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:562` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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