--- title: 2 Kings 18:27 (JPS 1917) — But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master… · tree and pragmatics description: But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' Who acts: master, men. 2 Kings 18:27 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.580/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/18/) / [18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.27/) / JPS 1 # 2 Kings 18:27 · JPS 1917 But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' **Who acts:** master, men · **What happens:** say, send, speak, not send, sit, eat · **To what, where:** me, master, words, men, wall, own dung · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Kings 18:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2KI:580 # text = But Rab-shakeh said unto them: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit on the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 Rab Rab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 4 shakeh shakeh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 5 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 unto unto ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 9 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 10 Hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 11 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ _ 14 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 17 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 speak speak VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 advcl _ _ 25 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 ? ? PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ 28 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 29 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 parataxis _ _ 32 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 36 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 37 nsubj _ _ 37 sit sit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ _ 38 on on ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 43 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 advcl _ _ 44 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ _ 45 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 49 to to PART TO _ 50 mark _ _ 50 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 43 conj _ _ 51 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 52 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 53 amod _ _ 53 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obj _ _ 54 with with ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 50 obl _ _ 56 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ 57 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: changed indirect=1 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | unto people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **send** | present · perfect | my master | me | | thy master | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to master=Destination | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | my master *not said here* | this words | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **send** | present · perfect | master | me | the men | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to man=Destination | | 5 | **sit** | present | the men | | | the wall | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on wall=Location | | 6 | **eat** | to-infinitive | the men *not said here* | people's own dung | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dung=Patient | | 7 | **drink** | to-infinitive | the men *not said here* | people's own water | | | | with you | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַעַ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶתצוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־מימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖םעִמָּכֶֽם׃ [2 Kings 18:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.27/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:580` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Kings 18:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.579/) - next →: [2 Kings 18:28 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.581/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.27/)