---
title: 2 Kings 18:34 (JPS 1917) — Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Se… · tree and pragmatics
description: Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? have they delivered Samaria out of my hand? Who acts: Sepharvaim. 2 Kings 18:34 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 18:34 · JPS 1917

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Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?

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**Who acts:** Sepharvaim · **What happens:** be, deliver · **To what, where:** gods, Samaria, hand

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This is 2 Kings 18:34 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sepharvaim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:587
# text = Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah? have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?
1	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Hamath	Hamath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Arpad	Arpad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Sepharvaim	Sepharvaim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Hena	Hena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Ivvah	Ivvah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
28	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	fixed	_	_
31	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the gods |  |  |  | of Hamath and Arpad | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the gods |  |  |  | of Sepharvaim and Hena and Ivvah | tree rules |
| 3 | **deliver** | present · perfect | Sepharvaim | Samaria |  | my hand |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent samaria=Theme out hand=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אַיֵּה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י חֲמָ֜ת וְאַרְפָּ֗ד אַיֵּ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י סְפַרְוַ֖יִם הֵנַ֣ע וְעִוָּ֑ה כִּֽי־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן מִיָּדִֽי׃

[2 Kings 18:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:587` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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