---
title: 2 Kings 19:11 (JPS 1917) — Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all l… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered? Who acts: thou, kings. 2 Kings 19:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 19:11 · JPS 1917

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Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered?

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**Who acts:** thou, kings · **What happens:** hear, do, destroy, deliver · **To what, where:** messengers, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 19:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:601
# text = Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered?
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
4	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	destroying	destroy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | present · perfect | the kings of Assyria |  |  |  |  | to all lands | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 3 | **destroy** | gerund | the kings of Assyria *not said here* | messengers *= messenger* |  |  |  | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **deliver** | shall · passive |  | thou |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר לְכָל־הָאֲרָצ֖וֹת לְהַֽחֲרִימָ֑ם וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּנָּצֵֽל׃

[2 Kings 19:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:601` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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