---
title: 2 Kings 19:17 (JPS 1917) — Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste the nations a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste the nations and their lands, Who acts: kings. 2 Kings 19:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 19:17 · JPS 1917

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Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste the nations and their lands,

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**Who acts:** kings · **What happens:** lay waste · **To what, where:** nations

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This is 2 Kings 19:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:607
# text = Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste the nations and their lands,
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	vocative	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	waste	waste	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay waste** | present · perfect | the kings of Assyria | the nations and nations's lands |  |  |  | of a truth; LORD *vocative* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אָמְנָ֖ם יְהוָ֑ה הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם וְאֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃

[2 Kings 19:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:607` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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